Daily Command From Debian Etch

This is the list that I always use when I configure a debian machine :

• apt, for this command we can use some job like : apt-get update ( for update your repository that store at : /etc/apt/sources.list, apt-get install [packages name] ( to install packages that we need to install), apt-cdrom add ( to add list repository from CD we have ).
• vim, this is a command to edit some file, for example : vim /home/andri/letter, this command mean that we open the file called letter.
• cp, to copy file at direcroty to another directory one. example : cp /home/andri/letter /home/iwan/
  
• mv, to move or rename file, example cp /home/andri/letter /home/iwan/letterrename.
• ln -s , to make simbolic link
• ls -la, to view list file or directory at our active directory
• ps -aux, to view running service at our machine

And this the packages that always installed at debian machine :

• iftop, to show and know traffik activity
• ifstat, like iftop but different in view order
• mc, midnight commander tools to copy file like Winscp maybe
• rcconf, to show and select or deselect the running service
• ipcalc, to calculate ip address

its some command and packages that we need.

Partition size when install Debian

When I install debian, I always use partition portion like this :

Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/hda1 7.4G 239M 6.8G 4% /
tmpfs 503M 0 503M 0% /lib/init/rw
udev 10M 56K 10M 1% /dev
tmpfs 503M 0 503M 0% /dev/shm
/dev/hda8 11G 154M 9.5G 2% /cache0
/dev/hda9 11G 154M 9.5G 2% /cache1
/dev/hda7 14G 167M 13G 2% /home
/dev/hda2 3.7G 72M 3.5G 3% /tmp
/dev/hda5 14G 621M 13G 5% /usr
/dev/hda6 14G 414M 13G 4% /var

additional info :

* for swap, I use 2 x RAM if RAM =< 512.

note : this partition is just according to my opinion, and will different portion if other people set the partition.

Sudo Configuration on Debian etch

Sudo is a program designed to allow a sysadmin to give limited root privileges to users and log root activity. The basic philosophy is to give as few privileges as possible but still allow people to get their work done.

this is the example sudoers configuration at /etc/sudoers :

Defaults env_reset

# Host alias specification

# User alias specification
User_Alias Operator=mike, lula, abel
User_Alias Ordinary=summer
User_Alias ADMIN=debi, ian

# Cmnd alias specification
Cmnd_Alias SU=/bin/su
Cmnd_Alias UIP=/root/script/dialog5
Cmnd_Alias MTR=/usr/bin/mtr
Cmnd_Alias IFTOP=/usr/sbin/iftop
Cmnd_Alias IPTRAF=/usr/bin/iptraf
Cmnd_Alias TAR=/bin/tar
Cmnd_Alias CHATTR=/usr/bin/chattr
Cmnd_Alias VISUDO=/usr/sbin/visudo
Cmnd_Alias FPING=/usr/bin/fping
Cmnd_Alias SHELLS = /bin/sh, /bin/csh, /bin/bash, \
/usr/bin/tcsh, /usr/bin/rsh
# Defaults specification
# User privilege specification
root ALL=(ALL) ALL

# Uncomment to allow people in group wheel to run all commands
# %wheel ALL=(ALL) ALL

# Same thing without a password
%wheel ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD: ALL
Operator ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD: ALL,!SU,!CHATTR,!VISUDO,!SHELLS
Ordinary ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD: UIP
ADMIN ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD: ALL

# Samples
# %users ALL=/sbin/mount /cdrom,/sbin/umount /cdrom
# %users localhost=/sbin/shutdown -h now

after edit, please save and restart with this command :
~# /etc/init.d/sudoers restart

the configuration above, especially on this line :

# Same thing without a password
%wheel ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD: ALL
Operator ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD: ALL,!SU,!CHATTR,!VISUDO,!SHELLS
Ordinary ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD: UIP
ADMIN ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD: ALL

its tell that for Operator, Ordinay and ADMIN have different command and privillages.

a little note : Install Debian Etch

So here I'll write a little note for the installation, now I need to be considered are:

1. After the installation do not forget to remove the package's called: network-manager-manager, where the network is by default automatically create a name, this is the server name to make clear that we add in the / etc / resolv.conf will be lost when the server restart.
   • for uninstalling the command: apt-get remove network-manager, after the repeat again with the extra-purge: apt-get remove-purge network-manager.
2. Do not forget to also edit the file / etc / sysctl.conf
   • uncomment the following:

   net.ipv4.conf.default.forwarding=1 net.ipv4.conf.default.forwarding = 1

3. Create a folder and file that will be in the execution in networking daemon
   • mkdir / etc / folderanda / my-network, communicate the contents of this file is ip address and additional iptables rule, and do not forget change permission, with the command ~# chmod 775 / etc / folderanda / my-network.
   • o after that the file / etc / folderanda / my-network, entered dirule: / etc / init.d / networking.

   case “$1″ in case "$ 1" in
   start)
   process_options
   log_action_begin_msg “Configuring network interfaces” log_action_begin_msg "guess that's the tricky network interfaces"
   if ifup -a; then if ifup-a; then
   log_action_end_msg $? log_action_end_msg $?
   else
   log_action_end_msg $? log_action_end_msg $?
   fi
   /etc/folderanda/my-network / etc / folderanda / my-network
   ;; ;
   stop)

4. If you have trouble with your ethernet card, and must change that interface, any rule that you must check, because if you change the interface, the name of interface still counting not rearrange ethernet name entry, so you must change the configuration at : ~# /etc/udev/rules.d/z_25persistent-net.rules, delete the content of file n restart your machine, so the interface name recounting from eth0.
   

Things were usually overlooked when the router settings.

Print with pixma ip1000 at 7:10 ubuntu

After exhausting struggle's sizable, may also eventually install the printer driver canon pixma ip1000 with success, the steps do I have been very public by friends I work with Ubuntu. the steps I do as below:

The first time I have to do is add the repository in the / etc / apt / source.list

deb http://mambo.kuhp.kyoto-u.ac.jp/~takushi/debian ./
deb-src http://mambo.kuhp.kyoto-u.ac.jp/~takushi/debian ./

then the package is updated to do with the command:

#apt-get update

there are three packages required for running the Canon printer Ip1000 in ubuntu, but because there is ubuntu in the command apt-get install, such as below:

# apt-get install libcnbj-2.2 bjfilter-2.2 pstocanonbj

and when it installed the first time there is a problem, try to be repeated again, because I experienced the same thing, when running the first time I do my work and success once again. to install manually can be tough in here and here.

printernya for configuration:

• From the menu select System Administration>> Printing>> New Printer

• There will be no local printer and ip1000

• Select Forward / Continue

• To select Canon Manufacturer

• To select the model Pixma iP1000

• To select the standard Driver

• Apply.

• Try printnya test and do not forget to set as the default printer and open openoffice word for test ngeprintnya.

with the above steps do I print a success in ubuntu 7:10 with success. But there is a problem when print job canceled and would remove the queue when the list was in fact the printer option, and it asked to google is also included in the bug, do'h I confuse what must I do, because I cancel 60 pages, but the printer cant stopped printing, fyuh.. .

Step I do is in the printer hardware with the steps below:

Langkah 1: Service Manual ways (means 1)
1. Remove the USB cable and POWER.
2. Open the door of the printer and press + hold the Power button
3.Place the longer the cable POWER
4. Close the door printers, freelance POWER button.
5. Audrey but that was still Blinking

then I open the url printernya dibrowser with the address: http://localhost:631/printers/iP1000, there are many options there, that I do is: cancel all jobs and stop the printer, the printer off and on again, and it is also Blinking, I enter the paper and 5 sheets have been victims blinkingnya stop.

Then click the start printernya print and try again .. and is running well again.

So while, before ngeprint, earned diprint data will not valid to mengcancel printing, and not too many in the queue, because it will make cupsys crash.

hopefully useful for the progress opensource

reference reads:

- Http://mambo.kuhp.kyoto-u.ac.jp/ ~ takushi / # canon

- Http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=717877

- Https: / / bugs.launchpad.net / ubuntu / + source / system-config-printer / + bug/137984

- Http://www.backports.ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=717877

- Http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=488147

- Http://aindra.blogspot.com/2007/10/reset-canon-pixma-ip1000.html

Debian Etch Repositories List

If you have finished install debian etch for your system and need repositories for your update packages, you can try this repository list :

# regular updates for etch
deb http://ftp.debian.org/debian/ etch main contrib non-free
deb-src http://ftp.debian.org/debian/ etch main contrib non-free

# security updates for etch
deb http://security.debian.org/ etch/updates main contrib non-free
deb-src http://security.debian.org/ etch/updates main contrib non-free

# multimedia    Christian Marillat (was: ftp.nerim.net)
deb http://www.debian-multimedia.org etch main
deb-src http://www.debian-multimedia.org etch main

# unofficial      http://www.debian-unofficial.org
deb http://ftp.debian-unofficial.org/debian etch main contrib non-free restricted
deb-src http://ftp.debian-unofficial.org/debian etch main contrib non-free restricted

in order to effect with your machine please run :

~# apt-get update

and make sure your sistem machine connected to internet ;)

source taken from : visoracle
related post :Debian etch installation.

Learning Linux through the terminal console

Because I Nyubie in the field of Linux, and sometimes difficult to apply again what I have learned so I try to document them in this blog, the main purpose is no other matter does not forget when you meet the same problems and the broader hopefully there are people who can benefit from this.

In the post this time I will try to pack in the form of FAQ, or frequently asked questions.

Q: How do I go to the root of the ordinary user?

A: In my liveCD Linux like Ubuntu, then when we log on our desktop is not allowed to log in using the root, but the user is the first time installation, while steps are as follows:

- Login using normal user account, "but change from the terminal towards the root login by using the commands: # sudo su - and then enter, so you can look that your console prompt like this :

root@yourmachine:~#

But if you using debian or orther distro, just use command :~# su - then enter, after that the field will appear passwd, then enter a password and enter rootnya.

As the picture below:

and fill a password if it is correct, then will look like this:

When the display is above (the name depends on the name linux nightwish we make, not necessarily the same), then it indicates we have been working with the root user.

Q: To prove we work with the root user with the what?

A: Use the command: nightwish: ~ # pwd, the pwd command will show where our position?

Q: How do I create a folder in linux?

A: Use the command: nightwish: ~ # mkdir, for example:

nightwish: ~ # mkdir / home/denden/mp3 <

nightwish: ~ # chmod 777 / home/denden/mp3 /

to see whether there are changes in the execution of rights in the file / mp3 /

nightwish: ~ # ls-la / home/denden/mp3 / <

total 8 total 8

drwxrwxrwx 2 root root 4096 2008-11-06 12:24 . drwxrwxrwx 2 root root 4096 2008-11-06 12:24.

drwxr-xr-x 5 denden denden 4096 2008-11-06 12:24 .. drwxr-xr-x 5 Denden Denden 4096 2008-11-06 12:24 ..

Q: How do I access the files / folders on the Windows partition?
A: Use the mount, with the first step is to make direktory in / mnt / command, being the same as the folder as above, and to use the mount command:

nightwish: ~ # mount /dev/hda5/mnt/newfolder, when the data partition in the windows / linux hda5 in the data will be visible in /mnt/newfolder.

for while it ahead of me ... and hopefully useful..

About Debian Family

With this blog, i'll try to create post all about debian n family.

Family means like Ubuntu, Linuxmint and other distro who use default kernel from debian.

So lets see and support me to update this blog, for first i'll translate indonesian artikel to fill this blog.